CLASSES OF IMPROVED
SEED
There are five classes
of improved seed, viz. 1. Nucleus seed 2. Breeder seed 3. Foundation seed 4.
Registered seed & 5. Foundation seed. A brief description of these classes
of seed is presented below:-
1. Nucleus Seed:- It is the initial
seed of an improved variety which is always limited in quantity. It is produced
by the originating plant breeder. Main features of nucleus seed are given
below:
a)
Production:- It
is produced at the experimental farms of the concerned research institute or
agriculture university, under the supervision of original plant breeder.
b)
Purity:-
It is genetically and physically 100 %.
c)
Certification:-For
nucleus seed certification is not required.
d)
Use:-Nucleus
seed is used for the production of breeder seed. It is not meant for general
distribution.
2. Breeder Seed:- Breeder
seed is the progeny of nucleus seed or breeder seed. It is produced under the
strict supervision of original plant breeder at the research farm of the
concerned crop research institute or Agricultural University.
a)
Production:- Breeder
seed is produced in isolation from other varieties. The isolation distance
differs from species to species.
b) Purity:-
Breeder seed is genetically and physically 100 % pure. The genetic purity is
maintained by proper roguing.
c) Certification:-
Certification is not required for breeder seed. The seed plot is inspected by a monitoring team which consists of
original plant breeder and one representative each from National Seed
Corporation and State Seed Certification Agency.
d)
Use:-Breeder
seed is used for the production of foundation seed. It is not meant for general
distribution.
3. Foundation Seed:-
Foundation seed is the progeny of breeder seed. Its main features are given
below:-
a)
Production:- It
is produced by the National Seed Corporation under the strict
supervision of research scientists and
experts from NSC. Production of foundation seed is taken up at the seed
multiplication farms of government, research farms of ICAR institutes and
Agriculture universities and also on cultivators’ fields. Proper isolation
distance is adopted for the production of foundation seed which varies from
crop to crop.
b)
Purity:-
Foundation seed is genetically 100 % pure. However physical purity of 98%
is permissible. The remaining 2%
includes inert matter.
c)
Certification:-
In case of foundation seed, certification is required which is
undertaken by State Seed Certification
Agency.
d)
Use:-Foundation
seed is used for the production of certified seed. It is not meant for
general distribution.
4. Registered Seed :- Registered seed is the progeny of either foundation seed or registered
seed. In India, registered seed is generally omitted and certified seed is
produced directly from the foundation seed.
5. Certified Seed:- Certified seed is the progeny of either foundation or registered or
certified seed. Its main features are given below:
a) Production:- It is produced on the fields of progressive farmers
under the strict supervision of State
Seed Certification Agency. This work is also taken up by the NSC, if required.
Proper isolation distance is adopted which varies from crop to crop.
b) Purity:-
It has genetic purity of 99.9% and physical purity of 98%. The other crop seeds,
and weed seed should not be more than prescribed standards which vary from
species to species.
c) Certification:- This class of seed requires certification which
is undertaken by the State Certification Agency. For certification, the seed
must meet rigid requirements of purity and germination.
d) Use:- Certified seed is available for general
distribution to the farmers for commercial crop production.
Table:-1
Comparison of breeder seed, foundation seed and certified seed
Particulars
|
Breeder Seed
|
Foundation Seed
|
Certified Seed
|
Definition
|
It
is the progeny of nucleus seed or breeder seed
|
It
is the progeny of breeder seed
|
It
is produced from foundation or certified seed
|
Produced by
|
Original
plant breeder
|
National
Seed Corporation
|
State
Seed Corporation
|
Produced at
|
Experimental
Farms of Research Institute or Agricultural University
|
Government
seed multiplication farms
|
The
fields of progressive farmers
|
Genetic Purity
|
100%
|
100%
|
99.9%
|
Physical
Purity
|
100%
|
98%
|
98%
|
Certification
|
Not
required. Inspected by a monitoring team consists of original breeder and one
representative each from NSC and SSCA
|
Certification
is done by SSCA
|
Certification
is done by SSCA
|
Tag Color
|
Golden
brown
|
White
color
|
Azur
blue
|
Use
|
It
is produced for the production of breeder seed
|
Used
for the production of certified seed
|
It
is distributed to the farmers for commercial crop production
|
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