ROLE
OF SEED TREATMENT IN MODERN AGRICULTURE
SEED
TREATMENT:- It refers to the application of fungicide,
insecticide, or a combination of both, to seeds so as to disinfect and
disinfest them from seed-borne or soil borne pathogenic organisms and storage
insects.
BENEFITS OF SEED TREATMENT:-
1.
Prevention
of spread of plant diseases :- The diseases may be
grouped under two types-
a) Systemic
diseases that infect seed during the flowering stage to become established
within the seed and from there within the resulting plant. Such diseases
include loose smut of wheat. Treatment with systemic fungicides, e.g Vitavax
has been found effective.
b) Non-systemic
disease that infect seed during harvest or storage period. Such diseases
include blights of barley, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, wheat. These diseases can
be controlled by appropriate seed treatment.
2.
Seed
treatment protects seed from seed rot and seedling blight:-Seed
treatment, by its protecting coating around the seed, acts as a barrier once
the seed is planted to ward off attack by both seed-borne and soil-borne
organisms. The fungicide treatment compensates by protecting these cracks and
abrasions from entrance of fungi.
3.
Improves
Germination:- Seed treatment often improves the
standard of germination through the control of seed surface flora.
4. Provides protection from storage
insects:- The protection of seed from insect damage during
storage is of increasing importance with the trends towards processing,
treating and packaging of seeds at harvest time. For complete protection it is
necessary to treat seed with insecticide also. Insecticides are more needed in
warm storage than cool storage.
5.
Controlling
soil insects:- This can be done through combination
treatment- the process of addition of an insecticide with fungicide for the added protection of the seed and
seedling against certain soil insects, such as wire worm and the seed corn
maggot
Ø Seed
Disinfection:- It refers to the eradication of fungal spores
that have become established within the seed coat or in deep seated tissues.
For effective control, the fungicidal treatment must actually penetrate the
seed in order to kill the fungus that is present.
Ø Seed
Infestation:- It refers to the destruction of surface borne
organisms that have contaminated the seed surface but not infected the seed
inside. Chemical dips, soaks, fungicides applied as dust, slurry, or liquid
have been found successful.
HOW U CAN DO THE SEED TREATMENT? / METHODS
OF SEED TREATMENT
Seed
treatment materials are available in the form of dusts, wettable powders and
liquids.
1. Dusts:-
Dust fungicides are usually applied at rates of 200-250gm per quintal of seed. They
should be thoroughly mixed in a mechanical mixer. The dusty condition which
prevails during treatment and handling of the seed subsequent to treatment, is
the main disadvantage of using dust fungicides.
2. Slurry:-This
type of fungicide is applied to the seed in a soup like water suspension which
is mixed with the seed in a special slurry treater. The seed requires no drying
and can be bagged immediately for sowing or storage.
3. Liquids:-The
use of liquid solution is known as the ‘Quick wet” method. A concentrated
solution of a volatile fungicide is applied to the seed and is thoroughly mixed
with them.
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