In India there are two
types of seed producing organizations, viz. (1) Public sector, and (2) Private
sector. The public-sector organizations include National Seed Corporation
(NSC), State Seed Corporation (SSC) and State Seed Certification Agencies
(SSCAs). Private sector includes various seed companies. A brief account of
these organizations is presented below: -
1) National Seed Corporation: -The NSC was established
in March,1963 to take up the work of quality seed production and promote seed
industry in the country. The NSC started functioning in July,1963. The
headquarters of NSC is in New Delhi in Pusa campus. The responsibilities of NSC
were more clearly defined with the inception of National Seed Project (NSC) in
1976. The main functions of the NSC are given below: -
(1) Production
of breeder seed: - The requirement of breeder seed of
various crops is assessed, and arrangements are made for its production through
crop research institutes of ICAR and State Agricultural Universities.
(2) Production
of foundation seed: -The production and distribution of the
foundation seed of the varieties of national importance is the responsibility
of the NSC.
(3) Production
of certified seed: - The production and marketing of the
certified seeds of vegetables, oilseeds, pulses and fodder crops is taken up.
(4) Marketing:
- Interstate
marketing of the seeds of national varieties lies with the NSC.
(5) Consultancy
services: - The NSC provides consultancy services
related to designing, procurement and installation of seed processing plants,
equipments etc.
(6) Imparts
Training: -The NSC organizes short term training courses to
the personnel engaged in seed production work.
(7) Coordination:
- NSC provides coordination in the production of certified seed by SSCs.
(8) NSC take up the seed certification work
in those states where SSCA has not been established.
(9)
Also take up the import and export work
of seed.
2) State
Seed Corporations (SSCs): -The national seed
project was launched in 1976 to establish State Seed Corporations. From 1976 to
1987 state seed corporations has been established in nine states, namely Uttar
Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab
and Rajesthan. The main functions of the state seed corporations are production
and distribution of certified seed in the respective state. In Uttar Pradesh,
Tarai Development Corporation (TDC) was established in 1969 to produce
certified seed which proved very much successful. Looking to the success of TDC
in UP, it was decided to establish SSCs in other states to faster the
development of seed industry in the country. The NSP provides finance for the
establishment of new SSCs and strengthening of the existing ones. The NSP also
provides funds for the following purposes:
A) Strengthening
seed production, processing and marketing facilities of NSC.
B) Strengthening
the facilities of the NSC for producing and processing seeds of vegetables,
fodder crops and other specialized crops not taken up by the SSCs.
C) Strengthening
the facilities for nucleus, breeder and foundation seed production, processing
and storage at selected Central Research Institute of ICAR and at SAUs.
3) State Seed Certification agencies:
- State
seed certification agencies are located in 18 different states including those
states where state seed corporations have been established. The main function
of the SSCAs is certification of seeds in the respective state. The inspectors
of SSCAs make required number of field inspections and conduct purity and
germination tests for certification purpose. SSCAs also organize short term
training courses for seed growers, keeps check on the source of seed used for
raising seed crop etc.
4) Private Seed Companies: - There
are several private seed companies that take up the work of quality seed
production. The names of some private seed companies are given below:
a) Maharashtra
Hybrid Corporation, Jalna,1964.
b) Pioneer
Seed Company, Hyderabad
c) Nath
Seed Company Pvt. Ltd., Aurangabad.
d) Hindustan
Lever Ltd., Mumbai.
e) Proagro
Seed Company, New Delhi.
f) Ankur
Seed Company, Nagpur.
g) Vijay
Seed Company, Jalna.
h) Mahendra
Seed Company.
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